Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI
Eunsoo Won, +1 moreKorea University
- 01 Jan
2016-
Current Neuropharmacology
- Vol. 14, Iss: 7, pp 665-673
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172Citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on the interaction between stress, the autonomic nervous system and the immune system which can cause imbalances in the kynurenine pathway, which may ultimately lead to major depressive disorder.
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Abstract:The autonomic nervous system is one of the major neural pathways activated by stress. In situations that are often associated with chronic stress, such as major depressive disorder, the sympathetic nervous system can be continuously activated without the normal counteraction of the parasympathetic nervous system. As a result, the immune system can be activated with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. These inflammatory conditions have been repeatedly observed in depression. In the search for the mechanism by which the immune system might contribute to depression, the enhanced activity of indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase by pro-inflammatory cytokines has been suggested to play an important role. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is the first enzyme in the kynurenine pathway that converts tryptophan to kynurenine. Elevated activity of this enzyme can cause imbalances in downstream kynurenine metabolites. This imbalance can induce neurotoxic changes in the brain and create a vulnerable glial-neuronal network, which may render the brain susceptible to depression. This review focuses on the interaction between stress, the autonomic nervous system and the immune system which can cause imbalances in the kynurenine pathway, which may ultimately lead to major depressive disorder.
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Journal Article
DOIThe Pathogenesis of Sepsis and Potential Therapeutic Targets.
Min Huang, +2 moreFujian Normal University
- 29 Oct
2019-
International Journal of Molecular Scien...
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TL;DR: The present state of research on targeted therapeutic drugs is elaborated upon to provide information for the treatment of sepsis and the recent development in understanding regarding the cellular pathogenesis and the target of clinical diagnosis is reviewed.
Journal Article
DOIGlutamate dysregulation and glutamatergic therapeutics for PTSD: Evidence from human studies.
Lynnette A. Averill, +5 moreUnited States Department of Veterans Affairs
- 10 May
2017-
Neuroscience Letters
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TL;DR: This mini-review provides a concise discussion of evidence of glutamatergic abnormalities in PTSD, with emphasis on human subjects data; glutamate-modulating agents as potential alternative pharmacologic treatments for PTSD; and selected gaps in the literature and related future directions.
Journal Article
DOIMicroglia in depression: current perspectives
TL;DR: The role of microglia in the etiology of depression is focused on; possible mechanisms of howmicroglia sense depression-related stress and modulate depression state; and how antidepressive therapies affect microglial abnormalities are discussed.
Journal Article
DOIThe influence of stress on neuroinflammation and alterations in brain structure and function in major depressive disorder
Yong Ku Kim, +1 moreKorea University
- 30 Jun
2017-
Behavioural Brain Research
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TL;DR: The influence of stress on neuroinflammation which may cause alterations in brain structure and function in MDD is focused on.
Journal Article
DOIThe key role of insomnia and sleep loss in the dysregulation of multiple systems involved in mood disorders: A proposed model
Laura Palagini, +4 moreUniversity of Pisa,Laval University,Northumbria University,University of Freiburg
- 01 Dec
2019-
Journal of Sleep Research
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TL;DR: Sleep should be considered the main regulator of several systems and processes whose dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders, and the need to evaluate, assess and target sleep disturbances in clinical practice, as a priority, in order to prevent and treat mood disorders.
References
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Journal Article
DOIVagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin
Lyudmila V. Borovikova, +9 moreUniversity of Colorado Boulder,North Shore University Hospital,Baylor College of Medicine
- 25 May
2000-
Nature
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TL;DR: Direct electrical stimulation of the peripheral vagus nerve in vivo during lethal endotoxaemia in rats inhibited TNF synthesis in liver, attenuated peak serum TNF amounts, and prevented the development of shock.
Journal Article
DOIThe Concepts of Stress and Stress System Disorders: Overview of Physical and Behavioral Homeostasis
TL;DR: The main components of the stress system are the corticotropin-releasing hormone and locus ceruleus-norepinephrine/autonomic systems and their peripheral effectors, the pituitary-adrenal axis, and the limbs of the autonomic system as discussed by the authors.
Journal Article
The Sympathetic Nerve—An Integrative Interface between Two Supersystems: The Brain and the Immune System
Ilia J. Elenkov, +3 moreNational Institutes of Health,Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- 01 Dec
2000-
Pharmacological Reviews
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TL;DR: The activation of SNS during an immune response might be aimed to localize the inflammatory response, through induction of neutrophil accumulation and stimulation of more specific humoral immune responses, although systemically it may suppress Th1 responses, and, thus protect the organism from the detrimental effects of proinflammatory cytokines and other products of activated macrophages.
Journal Article
DOIMorphometric evidence for neuronal and glial prefrontal cell pathology in major depression
Grazyna Rajkowska, +8 moreUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center,Case Western Reserve University,Vanderbilt University
- 01 May
1999-
Biological Psychiatry
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TL;DR: In this article, computer assisted cell counting was used to reveal abnormal cytoarchitecture in left rostral and caudal orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical regions in subjects with major depression as compared to psychiatrically normal controls.
Journal Article
DOICytokine-Associated Emotional and Cognitive Disturbances in Humans
Abraham Reichenberg, +6 moreHebrew University of Jerusalem,Max Planck Society
- 01 May
2001-
Archives of General Psychiatry
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TL;DR: In humans, a mild stimulation of the primary host defense has negative effects on emotional and memory functions, which is probably caused by cytokine release, and cytokines represent a novel target for neuropsychopharmacological research.
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